Sunday, August 19, 2018

Heyoka, Sun Dance And Lakota Culture

By Angela Fisher


When it comes to Native American History, there are often a number of different cultural differences with regards to each tribe. In the case of the lakota culture, one of the best known ceremonies is that of Sun Dance. In fact, there have been people claim to have ties to the lakota for no other reason than to attend and participate in this sacred ceremony.

While this is the case, a lesser known cultural aspect of the tribe is that of a Heyoka. The Heyoka is often defined as a satirist, contrarian and jester whom moves in opposition to those in present surroundings. As only those whom have experienced visions of thunder beings can be recognized, these figures are often held in high regard.

Sun Dance remains one of the most well known Native American rituals of the Lakota people. While practiced by Indigenous tribes of North America and Canada, the ceremony is a coming together of different tribes to pray for healing which involves a sacrificial act. While this is the case, there are also a number of pow wows in which tribal members come together in full regalia to celebrate, pray and practice ceremonies and rituals associated with the tribe.

Sun Dance, one of many ceremonies prohibited by the Canadian and United States governments was aimed at suppressing Indigenous cultures from practicing Sun Dance and other ceremonies. Canada eventually lifted prohibition against Sun Dance, speaking native languages and other Indigenous practices. Unlike Canada, Indigenous tribes in the United States continued to ban the speaking of Native American languages and the practice of Sun Dance and other cultural activities until the late 1970s.

An act of the United States Congress passed an act in 1978 to assure tribes would be protected with regards to religious and cultural activities associated with Native Americans, Eskimos, Aleuts and Native Hawaiians would be upheld in the future. After which, Sun Dance and other ceremonies were once again practiced on public and private lands in the United States.

The sacred ceremony known as Sun Dance is often considered one of the toughest test of physical and spiritual endurance in the Indigenous community. For, it involves a tribal member being tied to a pole which is then pierced through the chest skin, thus allowing blood letting which represents the sacrificial aspect of the ceremony and the connection to community and the tribe.

As the ceremony is considered a sacred rite, most of those in the tribe refuse to discuss the specifics of the ritual in detail. In fact, due to the extended period of misappropriation, a number of tribal members remain concerned that those outside the tribe will misuse and abuse the ceremonies and rituals of the tribe. As such, the language spoken during Sun Dance and other events are now often spoken in the Native language of the Lakota tribe.

As a method of assuring that Indigenous people would enjoy the same freedom and privacy as others, the Lakota tribe unanimously voted to pass a declaration of war related to the exploitation of Lakota spirituality at the Lakota Summit V. After which, outsiders caught practicing or exploiting aspects of the Lakota tribe could be prosecuted in a local tribunal. As with other courts, penalties were based on the extent of the exploitation.




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